Left-Wing Populism on the 12 Axes

Left-wing populism has roots in the American People's Party of the 1890s and in Latin American movements such as the labor wing of Peronism, Hugo Chávez's Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela and Evo Morales's government in Bolivia. In Europe, parties such as Podemos in Spain and Syriza in Greece rose after the 2008 financial crisis, drawing on the theorists Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. Its programs usually include nationalizing natural resources, raising wages, expanding welfare and resisting free-trade deals and international lenders. It is more nationalist and protectionist than democratic socialism or social democracy, and it relies on a charismatic leader and a direct appeal to the people rather than on a detailed theory like Marxism. Socially it is often moderate, uniting voters across religious and cultural lines.

• Centrism 75%Centrism is a political stance that sits between left and right, taking positions from both sides case by case and favoring compromise, moderation and gradual change.
• Eurocommunism 71%Eurocommunism was a current within Western European communist parties in the 1970s that sought socialism through parliamentary democracy and independence from the Soviet Union.
• Social Democracy 69%Social democracy accepts a market economy and parliamentary democracy but uses taxes, strong unions, regulation and a broad welfare state to reduce inequality and protect workers.
• Christian Democracy 66%Christian democracy is a center-right tradition that applies Christian social teaching to politics, combining a social market economy, family values and international cooperation with a firm commitment to democracy.