Peronism on the 12 Axes

Peronism began when Colonel Juan Domingo Perón, as labor secretary, won the loyalty of Argentina's unions; the mass rally of 17 October 1945 freed him from arrest and led to his election in 1946. With Eva Perón he expanded labor rights, pensions and social aid, nationalized the railways and promoted industry through five-year plans, while restricting the opposition press. The Partido Justicialista survived a ban after the 1955 coup, and Perón returned to power in 1973. Since then the movement has held very different wings, from the revolutionary left of the 1970s to Carlos Menem's market reforms and the Kirchner governments. Compared with left-wing populism, it rejects Marxism and draws on Catholic social teaching. Compared with Varguism, it rests more on a mass movement than on the state machine.

• Bolivarian Socialism 82%Bolivarian socialism is the program Hugo Chávez launched in Venezuela, combining oil-funded social programs, nationalizations, anti-imperialism and a civil-military alliance under the banner of socialism of the twenty-first century.
• Varguism 81%Varguism is the political legacy of Getúlio Vargas in Brazil: a strong central state, labor laws with state-linked unions, economic nationalism and the authoritarian Estado Novo of 1937 to 1945.
• Left-Wing Populism 80%Left-wing populism frames politics as a struggle between ordinary people and a wealthy elite, and calls for redistribution, public services and national control over the economy.
• Developmentalism 78%Developmentalism holds that poorer countries escape dependence on raw-material exports through state-led industrialization, protective tariffs, public investment in infrastructure and planning by technical experts.